ABSTRACT
Liver disease is the general term for all diseases that occur in the liver. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has certain advantages in the treatment of liver diseases. With a high experimental study value, good clinical efficacy and less adverse reactions, it has broad prospects. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway is closely related to liver diseases. Its mechanism is to activate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) through tlr4-mediated signaling pathway, inhibit the secretion of such inflammatory factors as interleukin-1(IL-1), interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and the inflammatory damage of liver cells, so as to further inhibit the effect of IL-1,IL-6, TNF-α in activating Hepatic Stellate Cell(HSC). The ways of blocking TRL4 pathway are as follows:Inhibiting the expression of TLR4,Inhibiting the dimerization of TLR4. Blocking intracellular signal transduction:①acting on the binding protein; ②acting on the kinase IRAKs; ③acting on TLRAFst. In these ways, the TRL4 pathway is blocked, the inflammation is inhibited, and the anti-liver disease effect is achieved. Therefore, inhibiting or enhancing TLR4 signaling pathway or intervening in some links of TLR4 signaling pathway has become a new strategy for the treatment of liver diseases. Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway has become one of the targets of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) against liver diseases. In this paper, the recent literatures on the effect of TCM in resisting activation of TLR4 signaling pathway and the effect of anti-liver diseases through monomers and effective parts of TCM, extracts of TCM and compound prescriptions of TCM were collected and summarized to provide important guiding significance and direction for the treatment of liver diseases by TCM and WM in the next step.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To compare the levels of short-chain fatty acids in enterobacteria-related metabolites in feces between infants with cholestatic hepatopathy and healthy infants.@*METHODS@#Thirty infants with cholestatic hepatopathy were enrolled in this study as the disease group, while 30 healthy infants were enrolled as the control group. Fecal specimens were collected from the disease group before and after treatment and from the control group. Gas chromatography was used to quantitatively determine the content of short-chain fatty acids in the feces of both groups including acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, and isovaleric acid.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences in the concentrations of acetic acid and propionic acid between the control and disease groups before and after treatment, as well as no significant changes in the two markers in the disease group after treatment (P>0.05). The disease group had a significantly increased concentration of butyric acid after treatment (P<0.05). The concentrations of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in the control group were significantly higher than those in the disease group before and after treatment (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Intestinal protein metabolites in infants with cholestatic hepatopathy are significantly different from those in healthy infants, whereas there is no significant difference with respect to carbohydrate metabolites.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Acetates , Butyric Acid , Enterobacteriaceae , Fatty Acids, Volatile , FecesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To detect the level of fecal primary and secondary bile acids in infants with infantile cholestatic hepatopathy(ICH)and analyze its clinical value. METHODS: Thirty infants with ICH were enrolled in this study,who were diagnosed with infantile cholestatic hepatopathy. Thirty infants with good health condition were enrolled as the healthy control group. The fecal samples were collected respectively in the preparatory treatment phase and treatment phase from infants with ICH and from the healthy infants. Bile acids were extracted from infants' feces and were quantitatively analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. RESULTS: Among the fecal primary bile acids,the level of cholic acid,chenodeoxycholic and glycochenodeoxycholic acid both in the ICH preparatory treatment group and ICH treatment group was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group(P<0.016).The level of fecal cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid of ICH treatment group was higher than in the ICH preparatory treatment group(P<0.016).Among the fecal secondary bile acids,the level of lithocholic acid both in the ICH preparatory treatment group and ICH treatment group was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group(P<0.016),and the level of ursodeoxycholic acid in the ICH preparatory treatment group was lower than that in the ICH treatment group and healthy control group(P<0.016). CONCLUSION: In infants with ICH, the changes of fecal primary bile acids and fecal secondary bile acids have their own characteristics at the early stage of treatment, which may be caused by the short-term treatment,the prognosis of the disease itself and the changes of intestinal function, including intestinal bacteria. Clinical attention should be paid to these changes.